Ebonics Essay - 852 Words

Ebonics Ebonics, which stands for Ebony + Phonics is a new term that Linguistics use to describe Black Dialect or Black English or many of the other names that it has been given for more than 350 years. Ebonics is a language that is a combination of proper English and a combination of African languages. This combination pattern was formed on how certain words are pronounced such as, this and that, would be pronounced dis and dat in Ebonics. In most Ebonics words with the Th. sound has an D sound. These are just some of the many patterns that were created when Africans were forced to learn the English language. History states that around 1619, during the slave trade, ships collected slaves not just from one nation but†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Around 1858, over 400 slaves from Africa were brought to Georgia none of them knowing how to speak the English Language.† (Smitherman, 1994, p10) Being that these two groups merged together they adapted each other’s lang uage whether it was correct or incorrect. On the East Coast of America, â€Å"the Blacks spoke a different degree of Ebonics†. (Lewis, 1996, MSN) In 1744 The New York Evening Post read, Ran away...a new Negro Fellow named Prince, he cant scarce speak a Word of English (Fisher, 1996, MSN) In 1760 an ad in the North Carolina Gazette read: Ran away from the Subscriber, African Born, speaks bad English.(Stoller,1996, MSN) In 1734, the Philadelphia American Weekly Mercury read: â€Å"Run away; he’s Pennsylvania Born and speaks good English, These articles show where each person came from and what there English was like. It is obvious that masters kept tabs on how well their slave could talk. It was one of the ways that the masters could identify their slaves when they had many of them. They also used the slaves that new good English to translate or explain what the other slaves were saying. In the Mid 1800s slaves tried to use their language to help them escape from slaver y. They would sing spirituals, which their masters could not understand. Harriet Tubman and many others communicated in Ebonics, which their masters couldntShow MoreRelatedEbonics979 Words   |  4 PagesEbonics, which stands for Ebony + Phonics is a new term that Linguistics use to describe Black Dialect or Black English or many of the other names that it has been given for more that 350 years.. has been in the news recently but it is definitely not a new topic. brbrEbonics is a language that is a combination of proper English and a combination of African languages. Because of this combination a pattern was formed on how certain words are said such as this and that, would be pronounced disRead MoreThe African Vernacular English1850 Words   |  7 Pages Ya’ll be thinkin’ ebonics be messin’ wit Standard English, but it be enrichin’ it in a lotta ways. If you did not quite understand the first sentence, here is a â€Å"proper† translation; many people believe that African-American English negatively affects Standard English, but it actually enriches it in various ways. Black English, Ebonics, ghetto talk, slang, and Black Vernacular are all different words or phrases used to describe the African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) language. There are certainRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular English (Aave)1503 Words   |  7 PagesPsychologist Robert Williams coined the term Ebonics in 1973. He combined the words ebony and phonics to create Ebonics, black speech sounds. In Ebonics: The True Language of Black Folks, he asserts Ebonics as the â€Å"linguistic and paralinguistic features which on a concentric continuum represent the communicative competence of the West African, Caribbean, and United States† (Williams 24). However, over time Ebonics gained a negative connotation. Ebonics is associated with slang, marginal and deficientRead MoreReflection Of Ebonics1741 Words   |  7 Pagesoutsiders. In my life, Ebonics had revealed an unique aspect of how my parents and distant relatives influenced my understanding of the Afrocentric dialect of the English language. In addition, it revealed how I communicate to my family and friends and the distinction of my reading between Ebonics and Old English during my high school years. Not to mention, for those who may not know what Ebonics is, Ebonics was the first dialect of the English language by African- Americans. Ebonics also known as AfricanRead MoreEssay about ebonics1044 Words   |  5 Pages Ebonics means black speech (a blend of the words ebony black and phonics sounds). The phrase was created in 1973 by a group of black scholars who disliked the negative connotations of terms like Nonstandard Negro English that ha d been coined in the 1960s when the first modern large-scale linguistic studies of African American speech communities began. However, the term Ebonics never caught on amongst linguists, much less among the general public. That all changed with the Ebonics controversyRead MoreWhat is Ebonics? Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesthe socially acceptable or proper form of language. Even though blacks willing learned English, the African-American community language has always been distinctive, and only for blacks to embrace and understand. The Black American English known as Ebonics became a topic of controversy in 1996, and is still debated as a critical language for African-Americans. Who says the only language in America should be English and why is it important for African-Americans to have their own language? National identityRead More Ebonics In Schools Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pages Ebonics in Schools Many black individuals have played their part in Americas history. Has the Oakland School gone too far by wanting to teach a black slang language in school. In this paper, you will see the peoples, teachers, and the students opinion as well as the Senate. A lot of people are speaking out on the subject, especially actors. Arsenio Hall replied to reporters â€Å"When I heard somebody from Oakland say the word genetic, on TV, I ran into the kitchen so I didnt have to be mad at anybodyRead More Ebonics Essay example615 Words   |  3 Pages Ebonics The other day I was talking on the subject of Ebonics. I feel Ebonics should be a language. I mean black adolescents that are seen as stupid and non-educated mostly use it. The talk compelled me to do some extensive studying on the subject. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ebonics is the new academicianamp;#8217;s jargon or buzzword for what we used to call amp;#8220;Black English.; Ebonics comes from the root word Ebony that means black or dark. So since Ebonics is considered Black EnglishRead MoreEssay about Ebonics3741 Words   |  15 PagesEbonics INTRODUCTION The main topic of this paper is the USA, and I have chosen to concentrate on a fairly new issue, the language know as Ebonics. There have always been changes in the English language. This is how the language came about and evolved from standard British English to American English. During the last few years, as the world has become more sensitive to the rights of minorities, women, animals, etc. a new form of changes has taken place. These changes have becomeRead More Is Ebonics a Language? Essay example918 Words   |  4 Pages Ebonics Is (or Is Not) a Language nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Before getting into any great detail concerning the complexity of what language is and its relationship with the term Ebonics, Ebonics must first be defined. It is considered to be best described as â€Å"black speech† and therefore can be referred to as an â€Å"undefined language.† Many consider language to be a spoken tongue belonging to a nationality of people, so in general, and for the sake of clarity in this work, language is a general

Essay about Cormac McCarthys The Road and Michael Bays...

The two dystopian texts, The Road is written by Cormac McCarthy and The Island directed by Michael Bay are great examples of a dystopian world. The Road is a post-apocalyptic novel where a father and son have nothing but the dirty clothes on their backs, a pistol and a cart filled with scavenged items. Their destination, the coast, although they don’t know if anything awaits them there. The Island is an advanced world where clones of â€Å"real† people are made in order to help their clients live longer. These two mediums are fairly similar once you go in depth. The two works, The Road and The Island have common dystopian characteristics which are the use of brute force, alienation and dehumanization of individuals which is reflected in terms†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The man fell back instantly and lay with blood bubbling from the hole in his forehead. The boy was lying in his lap with no expression on his face at all† (McCarthy, pg. 66). In other word s, the boy was so shocked by the situation he was in; this caused him to change his attitude towards strangers. In the same manner The Island has important character development that causes the protagonists to change their behaviours. For instance, when Jordan Two Delta and Lincoln Six Echo escaped and went to Tom Lincoln’s house. In this scene there was an altercation that resulted in the client –Tom Lincoln- dying, which was a great example of how the characters developed. After this scene the protagonist realized how careless and willing they were to hurt others in order to get the clones back to the facility. The scene allowed the protagonist -Lincoln Six Echo- to develop and take extra precautions to maintain safety. Six Echo would always be on his toes; look back every so often, and though through his plans. This leads into the theme that is related to brute force which is that people will do anything to survive. The theme that is comparable to this dystopian characteristic is that individuals will do whatever they can to survive. In the movie the actor Steve Buscemi who is Lincoln’s friend says this to

Solutions of Air Pollution in Auckland-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Please mention any two issues from these four issues which are Our transportation network , our waterways, our trees and our green spaces. Answer: Introduction Many developed countries have many issues, related to air pollution and governments are paying a lot of money to solve these issues (Adem et al., 2016). New Zealand is one of these countries, and Auckland city which is the major city in it has this issue. As in earlier days, there was not much population, so there were few problems, but due to the passage of time (years), Auckland population increases day by day. Therefore, major problems facing the people are air pollution and the shortage of green space in Auckland. All residents are affected, and these should be solved by the government or some Aucklands efforts through the local authority as soon as possible. Air pollution is the main problem in Auckland as it can be seen that a major reason exists for this problem which is increasing population as new migrants are coming to Auckland day by day. This results in an increased use of the transport system; therefore, there are cars that emit gases, in addition to heaters causing the air pollution, which is bad for peoples health. Moreover, it is the other cause of air pollution. Additionally, it also affects human health as these people (smokers) suffer from many diseases like skin problem, breathing problem and lung cancer (Leman et al., 2010). A broad epidemiologic writing has reported a relationship of fine particulate air pollution with mortality. The greater part of this examination comprises of time-arrangement investigations of the impacts of molecule exposures experienced in the few days before death. The evaluated impact of particulate air pollution has been appeared to increment as longer presentation periods (up to 7 wks.) are considered, demonstrating exposures in the month(s) before death might be critical. Studies have considered mortality with particular air pollution fixations over any longer periods. Three follow-up related observations, and a current pilot study assessing the impacts of long-haul normal encompassing centralizations of fine particles and other air toxins over numerous years. These related studies utilized yearly, or normal multiyear pollution focuses as the presentation list, however, did not inspect the eras in charge of the watched affiliation. Associate investigations with follow-up amid times of significant change in air pollution can address this inquiry. The linkage between changes in air quality and enhanced wellbeing results is of significant general wellbeing interest. Fortunately, it can be solved by various methods or some efforts which are in the upcoming paragraphs. Solutions of Air Pollution in Auckland There are many solutions of air pollution to the people of Auckland. However, they should put forth some efforts that could be helpful in reduction of air pollution, and people should use more public transport than their own. According to Narendra Karnika (2013), people ought to make good choices about transportation; walk, ride a bike, or take public transportation. For instance, when driving, they should choose cars that get better miles per gallon of gas or choose an electric car. Moreover, the people of Auckland should plant more trees around their houses. Doing so leads to a better environment with fresh air. Further, the government ought to be aware of this environmental problem in Auckland and also guide them through some advertisements for making their efforts to solve this problem of air pollution. Secondly, there is also another problem in Auckland which is a shortage of green space. It can be established that new migrants are coming day by day, due to this they are using a rental for their own accommodation and then the number of houses increases. Consequently, green space is reduced day by day. Air pollution problems occur, and people face many health problems, such as felling trees cause air pollution leading to breathing problems due to lack of fresh air. Moreover, if the population increases then they use a wider transport system and this leads to air pollution because cars and other vehicles pollute the environment. Further, it also affects vegetation (Okedere et al., 2013). Salisu et al. (2012) agree that every problem has a solution. Accordingly, people here should come out with their efforts for protection from these problems. First of all, people should protect or save their parks. Moreover, people should plant more trees around their houses so that they can get fresh air. Further, the government should make a rule for all people that around every house there should be a small garden. Therefore, people can get a good opportunity to plant more trees and food as a basic need. The government should organize more seminars about the environment. This is how people may possibly get protection from these problems of air pollution, and it would be better for the people environment. Additionally, the government should provide more flats/apartments for the people to live together and this spare space can be used for plants or greenery (Shankar Shankarappa, 2016). Concluding Remarks In conclusion, these are the major problems in Auckland. Here, the people and the government should come out with their efforts and be responsible for the environment. Air pollution is a very serious issue, and it would be very bad for the environment if they do not try to solve this problem. As mentioned above, the people of Auckland should plant more trees then both problems can be solved a bit. If these problems are not sorted out, then the Aucklanders would suffer from serious health diseases, and that could have very serious consequences for every human being as well as animals. References Adem A. Hiko, Gelgelo N. Malicha. (2016). Climate Change and Animal Health Risk, in Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez. In L. Leonard (Ed.), Advances in Sustainability and Environmental Justice (pp. 77-111). Emerald Publishing Group. Leman M. A, Omar A. R., Won J. and Yusof M.Z. (2010). The development of an industrial air pollution monitoring system for safety and health enhancement and a sustainable work environment using QFD approach. Asian Journal on Quality, 165-182. Narendra Singh, Karnika Gupta. (2013). Environmental attitude and ecological behavior of Indian consumers. Social Responsibility Journal, 9(1), 4-18. Okedere O. B, Sonibare J. A, Fakinle B. S and Jimoda L. A. (2013). Usefulness of particulate cyclone in air pollution control. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 771-781. Salisu Isihak, Uduak Akpan, Monsuru Adeleye. (2012). Interventions for mitigating indoor?air pollution in Nigeria: a cost?benefit analysis. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 417-429. Shankar R. Kolle and Shankarappa H. Thyavanahalli. (2016). Global research on air pollution between 2005 and 2014: a bibliometric study. Collection Building, 84-92. Skender K., Sadik B., Skender A., Gazmend K., Robert B., Aleksander Z. and Ivo . (2011). Greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions and options for reducing from the Kosovo transportation sector?dynamic modeling. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 72-88. Yan L., Xiaolin Q. and Jinjuan R. (2015). Initial public offerings and air pollution: evidence from China. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 99-11

The New Jim Crow free essay sample

In Michelle Alexander’s book â€Å" The New Jim Crow†, she shows how America’s â€Å" War on Drugs â€Å" has become a tool of racial segregation and how the discretionary enforcement of drug laws has resulted in an overwhelmingly negative affect on its black population. In the early days of colonial America, slavery was not as common as we would think. The primary method of securing the cheap labor needed to work the land was through the indentured servitude of both blacks and whites. As plantations grew bigger and needed larger amounts of labor, slavery became the preferred means of obtaining cost-efficient labor and also helped drive a wedge between poor whites and their black counterparts. After the Civil War and the outlawing of slavery, Jim Crow laws were established to maintain the system of racial hierarchy. These laws helped to perpetuate the disenfranchisement of blacks in the South and was regarded by many as a fair and equitable settlement to the question of racial integration in America. They have also allowed helicopters to surveillance homes without a warrant, and the forfeiture of cash and homes based on unproven allegations of illegal drug activity. The Supreme Court have crafted legal rules that allow law enforcement to arrest virtually anyone. In 1968, the Supreme Court modified the understanding, that if an officer believes that someone is dangerous or engaging in criminal activity, that he should conduct a limited search to find weapons that might be used against him. Police now have basically the right to stop and search just about anybody that is walking down the street for drugs, and because common sense indicates that hardly anyone nowadays will say no when police asks to search. Police officers also use pretext stops as an excuse to search for drugs. It allowed police to use minor traffic violations as a pretext for baseless drug investigations and single anyone for investigation without any evidence of illegal drug activity. The truth, however, is that most people who are stopped and searched in the War on Drugs are perfectly innocent of any crime.Law Enforcements are trained to use pretextual traffic stops and consent searches for drug interdiction. This federally- run general searched program, that trained over 25,000 officers in 48 states, targeted people without any cause for suspicion, especially people of low standards. The interesting thing is that, 95 percent of these traffic stops yield no illegal drugs. Because drug-law enforcement wasnt a priority, and with way more serious crimes happening, the law enforcement agencies were given huge cash grants to make drug-law enforcement a priority.The Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistant Program offered millions of dollars in federal aid to every agency who was willing to wage the war. Eventually SWAT teams were formed and are now used for narcotics warrants with forced, and unannounced entry into a persons house. In most drug raids conducted, instead of police arresting these people, the SWAT teams blast into peoples houses in the middle of the night, throwing grenades and pointing guns at children. A lot of innocent people are killed in the middle of these raids.Even with all the cash grants, military equipment and training, the Reagan administration granted state and local law enforcement agencies to keep for their own use, the majority of the cash and assets they seize when waging the drug war. In 1984, Congress allow ed state and local police agencies to retain up to 80 percent of the assets value. This increased the budget of police departments dramatically, who simply just took the cash, cars, and homes of people who were suspected of drug use or sales.Thousands of innocent people every year go to jail without ever talking to a lawyer. Thousands of people are swept into the criminal justice system every year pursuant to the drug war without much regard for their guilt or innocent. Many innocent drug defendants convict themselves every year by accepting a plea bargain out of fear of mandatory sentences. Chapter 3 African-Americans and Latinos all over the United States, are subjected to tactics and practices by law enforcements, especially those that live in poor neighborhoods.The drug war is racially defined, and that is why there is a huge number of African-Americans and Latinos in prisons and jails all across the country. The rate of incarceration for African American drug offenders dwarfs the rate of whites. Even though whites make up the majority of illegal drug users, three-fourths of the people who are imprisoned for drug offenses are black or Latino. Black men have been admitted to state prison on drug charges at a rate that is more than thirteen times higher than white men.Arrests and convictions for drug offenses, not violent crimes, have propelled mass incarceration among African-Americans and Latinos. They are convicted of drug offenses at rates out of all proportion to their drug crimes. The system of mass incarceration has operated in a way to effectively sweep people of color off the streets, lock them in jails, and then release them into an inferior second-class status. When it comes to racial bias in the drug war, research indicates that it was inevitable, and a public consensus was constructed by political and media elites that drug crime is black and brown.Once this black drug crime became conflated in the public consciousness, the black men would be the primary targets o f law enforcements. An 18 year old black kid who was arrested for possession of more than fifty grams of crack, and a first time offender, was sentenced to minimum of ten years in federal prison. His lawyers argued that the law discriminated African Americans, because the majority of those charged with crimes involving crack offenders were black, whereas powder cocaine offenders were predominantly white.An African American, Clyde Cahill, believed that race was the major factor in the crack sentencing laws and policies. He also mentioned that nowadays people have internalized fear of young black men, which has been created by media imagery and has helped to create a national image of the young black male as a criminal. In Georgia, life imprisonment was imposed for second drug offense. Georgias district attorneys who were seeking this penalty, only invoked it against only 1 percent of white defendants facing a second drug conviction but against 16 percent of black defendants.The problem with all this h arsh discrimination and racial bias by the criminal justice system, is that thousands of people have years of their lives wasted in prison, years in which they would be free if they were white. The Supreme Court has ensured the prosecutors the freedom to exercise their discretion in any manner they choose, and this opens the door to claims of racial bias. Another good example of how Blacks and Latinos are overrepresented Christopher Lee Armstrong and his four companions were arrested on conspiracy of cocaine distribution.Armstrong and his companions were black just like every other crack defendant that that office had represented during that year. Of the fifty-three cases the office had handled over the prior three years, forty-eight defendants were black, five were Hispanic, and not a single offender was white, which was shocking because most crack offenders were white. The federal public defendants wanted to prove that federal crack laws were selectively enforced in a racially discriminatory manner and that whites were being diverted by federal prosecutors to the state system, were penalties for crack offenses were far less severe.What no one knows is that the Supreme Co urt has granted the police to discriminate. The legal rules adopted by the Supreme Court guarantee that those who find themselves locked up and permanently locked out due to the drug war are overwhelming black and latino. Chapter 4 Back in 1853, every black person, by law, was considered a slave and could not testify to introduce evidence in court. Even though slavery seems like it has died, the badge of slavery still lives on for thousands of blacks.The impact of the war on drugs has undermined the opportunities for Blacks and Latinos. Once they are labeled felons they are relegated to a permanent second-class status. There is also the harsh punishment for first-time offenders, who even if able to avoid jail time, will find out that, because of their conviction, will be ineligible for federally-funded health and welfare benefits, food stamps, public housing and federal education assistant.The convicted will also have his license suspended and may no longer qualify for employment. In most cases what ends up happening is the ex-offenders end up back in jail because they are no longer accepted by mainstream society, or because they fail to play by rules that seem hopelessly stacked against them. Public Housing agencies were given the right and authority by Congress to use leases in order to evict any public housing tenants who are engaged in criminal activity.Bill Clinton proposed the One Strike and Youre Out legislation, which allowed agencies to automatically evict offenders and it also allowed them to bar applicants believed to be using drugs. This had a huge effect on families, specially African-American and Latino, because with no housing they can lose their children. Because African-Americans and Latinos are targeted by police in the War on Drugs, it is far more likely that they will be arrested for minor, nonviolent crimes. Thousands of people become homeless because they are denied housing assistance or are evicted from their homes.Particularly racial minorities are excluded from public housing because of their criminal record, and most have a hard time finding a place to live after being releases from prison. Landing a job after prison is also difficult. Almost every state allows private employers to discriminate on the basis of past criminal records, by letting the employers deny jobs to people who were arrested but were never convicted of a crime. Most employers just do not want to consider hiring a self-identified criminal.