L’Oreal Case Study Essay

This report sees how did L’Oreal, a worldwide organization, dealt with its as of now portfolio just as its recently gained neighborhood brand when entering on another market: China. L’Oreal, a french organization established in 1907, chose toward the finish of 2003 to procure two nearby chinese brands so as to enter the national market: Mininurse and Yu-sai. While this combining is by all accounts a  «win-winâ » bargain, we will take a gander at a few issues L’Oreal was stood up to with: how did the brand dealt with its recently obtained brand, just as what were the chances of development for the partnership. Proposals will likewise be given on how might we have oversee L’Oreal’s previously existing extremely differentiated portfolio in this new market. 2.Background to the Company Established in 1907, L’Oreal is presently dealing with an extremely differentiated portfolio including beauty care products, skin and hair care items just as top of the line design brands, for example, Ralph Lauren. This differentiated portfolio mirrors the brand’s methodology to be as significant as conceivable available and involve each fragment, so as to stay away from rivalry however much as could be expected, strengthen their notoriety world generally and pass on through their diverse brands’ pictures a few societies. For example, Ralph Lauren will pass on an american  «preppyâ » feeling of design, while Lancã'me will pass on a very  «glamorous parisianâ » picture of makeup. Research&Development is a significant speculation for the organization, as it empowers the organization to dispatch creative item on various markets, just as shielding its item from replicating thought its licenses. Moreover, advancement focused on top of the line item is diffused to purchaser items, which empower the brand to bring down the complete expense of R&D. The brand has composed its portfolio utilizing a pyramid, arranging ever of its brands at one phase contingent upon the focused on showcase. 3.Development To create on the Chinese Market, L’Oreal gained two nearby brands. China is conceivably the biggest market on the planet, with expanding life norms, a developing enthusiasm for design and another gathering of individuals shaping a working class ready to pay for restorative items. Chinese market can be partitioned into three fundamental purchasers gatherings, contingent upon rules, for example, their area, their enthusiasm for beauty care products, their ability to pay for remote products†¦(see show 1). This developing enthusiasm for design among China’s occupants, the huge number of potential clients just as the expanding discretionary cashflow among chinese individuals comprise open doors for l’Oreal to consume on the nearby market. GroupLocationCharacteristics High-Income Earners.†¨Aged youthful to center aged.Large/medium measured urban areas all around China.Willing to pay for very good quality extravagance items imported from France, United States, Japan†¦. Medium salary earners.†¨Middle matured to more established women.Large/medium estimated urban communities all around China.Preference for settled residential brands. Transient ladies labourers.†¨Mainly matured 18-30Large/medium estimated urban communities all around China.Do have dispensable salaries. Poor information on makeup, their buys are cost driven. Extremely huge but then undiscovered client base. 4.Discussion How might you see L’Oreal deal with the chinese brand without their chinese organizers? This inquiry prompts a key purpose of this case. For what reason did L’Oreal get those two brands?†¨The primary contention individuals could answer is that L’Oreal needed, as indicated by their worldwide technique, to possess the market however much as could be expected. Notwithstanding, could L’Oreal be truly irritated by those two competitors?†¨Indeed, at a certain point, the Case expresses that the all out incomes of residential brands were less significant than L’Oreal all alone. L’Oreal may have needed this converging so as to utilize the previously existing offices of the two brands for it’s own items. For example Mininurse, with its broad dispersion channel made of 280 000 corners and retail locations the whole way across China, speaks to a previously settled and generally spread dissemination channel for L’Oreal to dispatch any of their items. Moreover, the information Yu-sai created with respect to Chinese’s utilization of restorative would assist the brand with adapting every one of its item to the chinese market, which is totally different from the western market. The two brands have high buyers acknowledgment, with for example Mininurse having a 90% acknowledgment rate among chinese clients, this acknowledgment rate being considerably higher among under twenty clients. This could help L’Oreal to pick up client acknowledgment for their own brands without any problem. We can see this consolidating isn't just about simply securing new brands to immerse the market, yet it is tied in with utilizing two settled brands to dispatch the company’s items, evading limitations, for example, building up a dissemination channel, utilization of showcasing to expand brand recognition†¦. Consequently, what I think L’Oreal will do, is use Mininurse to dispatch their mass market item: Garnier utilizing Mininurse’s high brand acknowledgment and monstrous appropriation organize. The brand will utilize their insight and innovation to improve Mininurse’s items requiring little to no effort. Logically, L’Oreal will presumably change Mininurse into Garnier.†¨This would empower L’Oreal to utilize Mininurse’s high brand acknowledgment and target shoppers would are bound to pay for nearby brands, for example, the undiscovered  «labourer transient ladies marketâ ». (see show 1 for a diagram of the chinese market). How might you oversee L’Oreal’s Portfolio in China with the recently procured brands? I think utilizing Mininurse’s circulation channel for it’s own items is a great thought as it empowers L’Orà ©al to avoid a long advance organizations for the most part to experience when entering another market.†¨However, following L’Orà ©al’s worldwide marking system, L’Orà ©al has no enthusiasm for keeping Mininurse as the items are like Garnier’s items. In that manner, I would in fact continuously substitute Mininurse with Garnier. Concerning sai, I think L’Orà ©al should prop it up with respect to the great monetary consequences of the brands during the previous barely any years (11% of the country’s complete piece of the overall industry) just as the specific brand’s personality. L’Orà ©al can utilize the information Yue-sai Kan has been creating for as far back as twenty years just as the examination office opened in Pudon and apply the information to it’s items on the chinese market. I do think L’Oreal ought to reexamine their choice to prohibit Yue-sai Kan from the organization. L’Oreal could utilize her as a promoting figure, as she is by all accounts significant in the chinese corrective market in regards to the way that she is the individual that advanced makeup thought her various books, TV shows†¦. As expressed in the Case, Yue-Sai’s item were made uniquely for chinese lady. Concerning high number of chinese individuals all around the globe, L’Oreal could begin sending out this neighborhood brand utilizing the brand’s nearby chinese character. This could reflect L’Oreal system to pass on various societies through its broadened portfolio. L’Orà ©al needs to remember that Chinese market is altogether different from the Western’s advertise. The market is diverse by the consumer’s needs, with for example chinese ladies utilizing as much as 18 beautifying agents items every day, just as by the customers items, with for example magnificence models being entirely unexpected than in western nations. How might you see L’Orà ©al keep on developing in China? I think L’Orà ©al in China ought to predominantly concentrate on the residential market, as it is the market with the more potential clients. A brief glance at display 1 gives us that an enormous piece of the chinese market is yet undiscovered. This market, made of youthful workers relocating to huge urban areas, has got extra cash however is essentially cost driven and favor neighborhood brands. L’Orà ©al could without much of a stretch use Mininurse to focus on this market by offering them the nearby part of the brand, and as said beforehand logically substitute Mininurse to Garnier to this market. Utilizing Mininurse to dispatch Garnier would empower L’Orà ©al to utilize Mininurse’s high brand acknowledgment among youngsters ( which is one of the attributes of this market ), with a brand acknowledgment pace of over 96%, and afterward take new pieces of the overall industry.

The Flame Who Lost His Way Essays - Gender Role, Human Behavior

The Flame Who Lost His Way It is beyond the realm of imagination or honorable in standard United States to impersonate scriptural occasions sex job designs. In scriptural occasions, male and female weren't related by sexual orientation as much as they were as indicated by relationship. On account of the enmeshed society where individuating was not done and wasn't viewed as ordinary or sound we can't as people in the United States start to mirror not to mention totally comprehend sexual orientation job designs in scriptural occasions. Ladies were viewed as sisters, spouses, moms, girls and so on not as ladies in the feeling of sexual orientation. Men were likewise wrapped inside relationship as sibling, spouse, father, child and so on not as maleness. Relationship characterized who they were as an individual in relationship. An individual was generally somebody outside the gathering, substandard, wiped out or inadmissible. In the United States we esteem independence. We have entire callings devoted explicitly to mend the individuals who are not people in some sense. We esteem the self-alone, not as much as relationship. What our identity is isn't bound in what relationship we are in yet as a rule in our job. In light of this fundamental distinction in direction as individuals we ought not and couldn't mirror scriptural occasions sexual orientation job designs. At the point when we as Western scholars read the Bible through our United States, individual elevating focal points we will in general view the way of life of the old Near East as brutal and dehumanizing for certain classes, particularly ladies. We feel they are treated as substandard and we can't see how a thoughtful God couldn't just permit yet additionally organization such a partial society. Be that as it may, here is the place we misconstrue the way of life and ladies. Is it true that they are dealt with second rate or simply unique? The presuppositions of Hebrew culture with respect to people lead to the comprehension of the jobs of each sex. As indicated by Proverbs ladies were anything but difficult to fall into infidelity, in this way, men were to keep them unadulterated as per the relationship they had with the lady, as father or spouse. Similarly, men were comprehended to be solid pioneers along these lines, they controlled parts of government and strict service. Utilizin g our perspective we can't move beyond the way that they are incorrect. Men are the same amount of to fault and can without much of a stretch fall into infidelity as ladies, we might suspect. We likewise can name a lady who was a vastly improved pioneer than numerous men we know. Be that as it may, does this mean the Hebrews weren't right, have things changed or perhaps with our diverse perspective on the truth we can't see how they reached their decisions. The last is likely the nearest to reality. Since we have come to understand that the old Hebrews were out and out unexpected individuals in comparison to we are today as indicated by way of life, law, mentality and even the meaning of libertarian, how does this influence the scriptural message or philosophy? Because of the diverse social comprehension of sexual orientation jobs would it be advisable for us to completely ignore everything in the Bible that alludes explicitly to sex? Would it be advisable for us to attempt to meet those desires inspite of the acknowledgment that our Western attitude isn't set up that way? Or on the other hand, would it be advisable for us to attempt to comprehend those sections as indicated by the way of life that it was addressing and afterward make application that will be adequate inside our own perspective? I accept the last is the main answer that offers equity to the Word and fits with us as Americans. Is this trade off? Indeed, it is. Does it bargain the message or good? I don't accept s o. The Bible was composed to lead the lost to a relationship with God and understanding it inside its social setting it doing only that. Thusly, the Bible's message isn't explicitly bound up with antiquated Near Eastern sex job designs. The manner in which the story is told may be however. As skillful scriptural researchers, or if nothing else attempting to be we should and I stress must comprehend the social encompassing the message, just as, recognize our own inclinations and focal points that we bring to the Word. In the event that we would first be able to understand that as male/female, wedded/single, tall/short, fat/slim and so forth hues our view not just as we act in our Western culture yet additionally in

Good Luck Trump and Friends - Free Essay Example

In light of the Cohen plea deal and the Manafort conviction, President Trump is in a precarious spot. Or is he? Better yet, is Trump closer to being impeached or are we just grasping at straws? Michael Cohen, Trumps former personal attorney, and Paul Manafort, Trumps former campaign chairman, have made headlines across the nation lately. On August 21, Cohen pleaded guilty on eight felony charges, including tax fraud and bank fraud, and was charged on violating election laws by engineering hush money payments to two women who claimed to have had affairs with Trump years back. Almost at the same moment, Manafort was convicted on eight counts and faces a maximum of 80 years in prison for five charges of tax fraud, one charge of hiding foreign bank accounts and two counts of bank fraud. This is a big deal. But what will it mean? To start, this Cohen-Manafort investigation is being run on two tracks: a political and legal track. The latter is wrapping up. The political one, however, just keeps ramping up. Perhaps the presidents impeachment depends on the Cohen plea deal and the Manafort investigation, along with special counsel, Robert Muellers Russia investigation report, which is expected to release later on this year. Right now, only Congress can decide which steps to take. But together, the Cohen plea deal, Manaforts conviction and Muellers investigation could point to the presidents political demise. Trump as a sitting president cannot be indicted, even though there is continuous debate about that. In order to bump Trump from office, the only path to take is impeachment. In the future, near or far, Congress could initiate impeachment procedures, that is if Democrats outnumber Republicans this year (which is very likely). A generic ballot from FiveThirtyEight, a website that focuses on political opinion analysis, politics and economics, shows that as of September 2, 2018, 48.8 percent of registered voters would support Democrats in a congressional election. For Republicans, 39.4 percent would support. In May of this year, The Economist revealed its 2018 election model. It gave Democrats a 65 percent chance of retaking House majority, pegging the party at 222 seats. It seems that the Democrats uphill House climb isnt as steep as everyone thought.Though these cases are closely related to Trump, there are still no charges against him yet. As this investigation continues to unfold, the truth is just waiting to hit newspaper headlines for the public in big, black, and bold letters, reading, Supreme Court finds Trump guilty of collusion. Its an administration mired in political scandal after political scandal, so there is no doubt that a negative conclusion is on the horizon. The suspicious and unscrupulous behavior in the White House should not be tolerated. As a constituent of this nation, I would like to be represented by an administration who focuses on the well-being of the people. A well-rounded president who respects all. After Trump, I hope for a competent and sophisticated successor. The future is hopeful for an impeachment. But with so many moving parts in this exhausting investigation, all we can do is wait and see.

The Style, Point of View, Form and Structure of Native...

Richard Wright, in his novel, Native Son, favors short, simple, blunt sentences that help maintain the quick narrative pace of the novel, at least in the first two books. For example, consider the following passage: He licked his lips; he was thirsty. He looked at his watch; it was ten past eight. He would go to the kitchen and get a drink of water and then drive the car out of the garage. Wrights imagery is often brutal and elemental, as in his frequently repeated references to fire and snow and Marys bloody†¦show more content†¦But Wright goesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; beyond merely presenting social data. At times Native Son seems morenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; like a nightmare than like social science. Note that Wright was alsonbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; attracted to the horror and detective stories of Edgar Allan Poe.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;One of Wrights stated goals was to make readers feel the heatnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; of the Daltons furnace and the cold of a Chicago winter. But henbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; also makes the cold and heat symbols of the external forces alignednbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; against Bigger and of the powerful emotions raging within him. Othernbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp; patterns of imagery that appear throughout the novel include beastsnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; (the rat, Bigger as a hunted animal, Bigger portrayed in thenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; newspapers as a gorilla); suffocation (the fire being choked out bynbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; the accumulated ashes, BiggersShow MoreRelated A Marxist Reading of Native Son Essay4809 Words   |  20 PagesA Marxist Reading of Native Son In the Communist Manifesto Karl Marx states clearly that history is a series of class struggles over the means of production. Whoever controls the means of production also controls society and is able to force their set of ideas and beliefs onto the lower class. The present dominant class ideology is, as it has been since the writing of the United States Constitution, the ideology of the upper-class, Anglo-Saxon male. Obviously, when the framers spoke of equalityRead MoreAnalysis Of James Wright s The Blues Essay2277 Words   |  10 Pagesnotes, Burke and Ellison had the closest intellectual and social relationship when Burke was writing A Rhetoric of Motives—and, I would add, when Ellison was writing Invisible Man. Crable points out that the Rhetoric is â€Å"the only one of Burke’s books to cite Ellison,† in large part because Ellison’s 1945 essay â€Å"Richard Wright’s Blues† (which called Wright’s just-released memoir Black Boy â€Å"a nonwhite intellectual’s statement of his relationship to western culture† that illuminates a â€Å"conflicting patternRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages........ 7 Sacajawea (Mysterious Native American Guide) ....................................................................................... 9 Artists, Authors, and Musicians: Bob Dylan (â€Å"The Prophet of Rock and Roll†) .......................................................................................... 11 Ernest Hemingway (Troubled, brilliant author and war reporter) ............................................................ 13 Frank Lloyd Wright (America’s legendary architect) .Read MoreASAM 5 Notes Essay6590 Words   |  27 Pagesstories are worthy of your time What is literature A James woods: Fiction is a creaseless experiment with uncollectable data An attempt to order data with the use of story Allows us to see the wholeness of a life we cannot see in our own life Forms: Realism, modernism, post modernism Froitzan on why he writes: I want to bring pleasure with everything I write†¦    On minority literature- Deleuze and Guattar: 3 features The deterriorializtion of a major language through a minor literatureRead MoreSummary of She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways11655 Words   |  47 Pageswhich, after all, might be an idle semi-fable, improved out of slight materials.[21] Critic Herbert Hartman believes Lucys name was taken from a neo-Arcadian commonplace, and argues she was not intended to represent any single person.[22] In the view of one Wordsworth biographer, Mary Moorman (1906–1994), The identity of Lucy has been the problem of critics for many years. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scopeRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesVIEW Strategic Human Resource Management Taken from: Strategic Human Resource Management, Second Edition by Charles R. Greer Copyright  © 2001, 1995 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein thatRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, exceptRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesrights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle

Poverty Of The United States - 1663 Words

What is the reason for not ending the world-leading problem in the United States and in other countries? Are we capable of ending a monster that has taken the lives of children? Poverty is the monster that society worries about, especially the individuals who have to endure going days without eating and have to live in horrifying conditions. The United States has the world’s second highest poverty rate among children, and the children have no way of defeating it. Many different organizations, including the government, try to tackle and improve poverty rates. Yes, we have the technology and resources to terminate this problem, but the government is not fighting hard enough. Many people try to improve poverty rates among other things but†¦show more content†¦The lack of growth and development begin to occur when the body does not take in enough calcium. Calcium is very important part for the body to function because it has the function to keep bones strong and witho ut calcium the bones will become weak and break easily. Also, it will lead to stunted growth in the body and the person will not be able to grow properly. In addition, malnutrition can occur when children or the poor community does not get enough to eat and is requiring the need of nutritions and other minerals. Suffering from malnutrition will cause extensive amount of disease to manifest in the human body. Also, it will be harder for the body to fight off disease and people will become more vulnerable to catching different type of diseases. Pedro A Sanchez stated, â€Å"The death rate from diseases such as lower respiratory infection, malaria, and measles†¦Undernourished people infected with HIV/AIDS develop the full symptoms† (1). The poor population is longing for the access to healthy food in order to prevent terrible disease like this from occurring. It is very hard to treat and prevent these different variety of disease from happening without having the mone y to get the proper care and medical attention. Not only does malnutrition and not acquiring enough nutrients leads to theShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The United States1727 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty defined by the American Heritage Dictionary is â€Å"lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts† (Hirokazu Yoshikawa, 2012). Poverty in the United States is an issue that is often times overlooked because the focus of poverty is on developing and struggling countries. People often think America does not experience poverty because it is such a thriving country. The problem with this is that America is indeed struggling with poverty: â€Å"there are currently 488 counties in America whereRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1548 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens in poverty has risen. Several organizations have been set up to help those who suffer from poverty and provide their everyday needs. There are always ways where a community can help eliminate the am ount of people suffering poverty. Government has an influence on how much money flow there is in the United States such as the FED, which was created to help maintain a stable monetary and financial system and control the money supply. People themselves can also help from falling into poverty, butRead MorePoverty Of The United States1408 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people hear the word poverty many people think of the bad connotations that come with it like, smelly homeless people that are crackheads and disease holders. Some people may even think they are uneducated or not hard working enough and rather ask for money instead of trying to get a job. Although a small portion of that may be true to some homeless people due to addictions on drugs and the toll it takes on their lives. 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The views of a specific person will defer when politics or morals are introduced, however, the idea stays the same. Those in poverty are there because they have less money than what has been decided to be livable. Poverty has changed significantly over the last two hundred years in the United States, and yet, the measurement has hardly changed since it was createdRead MorePoverty Of The United States1475 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Poverty in the United States is defined as a social problem. As outlined in the text, a social problem is â€Å"a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy†. It is easy to see that there is a large economic divide in the United States, but with only a small percentage of people in the highest income stratification and the vast majority struggling to get by, the majority of United States citizens agree that there is tooRead MorePoverty in the United States1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Background of Poverty in America In the United States, there are about more than forty-six million people living in impoverished conditions today. Poverty is a major conflict issue in this country amongst people who are part of the lower class because American families always had a hard time making ends meet, even before the Great Recession began. Living in poverty puts them at a disadvantage because they have to choose between necessitates like health care, child care, and food in order to

Molecular Biology Genes & Diseases

Question: Discuss about theMolecular Biology for Genes Diseases. Answer: Introduction The insulin-like growth factor family consists of three peptide hormones that include insulin, IGF-1 and IGH-2. They have 50% of their amino acid sequences in common (Le Roith 1997). They play a critical role in growth, differentiation and metabolism in almost every cell of the human body. Due to its diverse and far reaching roles it has been associated with several diseases and disorders and is a potential target for therapeutic intervention (Forbes 2016). IGF signaling is associated with decreased cell death and increased cell proliferation. Activation of IGF-1R leads to the activation of two pathways, PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK. PI3K/AKT pathway ultimately leads to decreased apoptosis, increased glucose metabolism, increased protein synthesis. On the other hand Ras/MAPK pathway leads to increased cellular proliferation by activating different transcription factors, such as ELK1. Cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion have been related to the activation of IGF-1R in many studies previously (Sachdev and Yee 2007). Cancers in lung, breast, colon, prostate are showed to be associated with increased level of plasma IGF (Pollak, Schernhammer and Hankinson 2004). Other members of IGF pathway are also proved to be involved with malignancies. This provides a way to treat cancers via modulating IGF pathway and various ligands involved with it. Drug resistance by tumors is one of the critical conditions in new age cancer treatment. As IGF pathway is involved in cell proliferation it shows a new era of treating these kinds of situations. Many studies have shown that modulating IGF pathway has promising effect in these cases (Denduluri et al. 2015). Ovarian cancer is the fifth most frequent cause of cancer death in women. In nearly half of ovarian and breast cancer patients, RAB25 mRNAs were found to be selectivey overexpressed at stage 3 and 4 serous epitheli al ovarian cancers in comparison to other genes located in the amplified region. Decreased expression of two proteins BAK and BAX were found to be associated with an inhibition of apoptosis in such cells. Simultaneously activation of PI3K/AKT pathway provided potential mechanisms to employ the effects of RAB25 on tumor aggressiveness (Lee et al. 2015). Involvement of PI3k/AKT pathway in the RAB25 related tumor aggressiveness leads to the way to treatment by modulating this pathway. Recently various evidences show that IGF-1 promotes atherosclerotic plaque stability and consequently reduces atherosclerosis in animal models. IGF-1 induces reduction of oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, proinflammatory signaling, and endothelial dysfunction, that helps prevent the disease. Aging has been widely linked with increased vascular oxidative stress and certain vascular diseases (Barzilai et al. 2012). It has been postulated IGF-1 may play a crucial role on vascular aging processes. There are various evidences that IGF-1 exerts pleiotropic effects on the vasculature resulting in reduced vascular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory signaling pathway (Higashi et al. 2012). By modulating IGF signaling disease related to stress or premature cell death or decreased cell death can be prevented in future. Further studies on signaling pathway of IGF show its potential role in regulation of autoimmune diseases. Though this area of treatment requires a lot more research and practical approaches, the role of IGF signaling is competent enough. Studies show that IGF-I can potentially protect animal models from developing insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus (Gao et al. 2011). On the contrary, patients with Graves disease have shown an overexpression of the IGF-1R in many cell types and antibodies against the receptor were prevalent in such patients. The frequency of IGF-IR positive B and T cells were found to be relatively high in patients with the disease. Hence, as IGF-1 and IGF-1R is found to be linked with the mentioned autoimmune disease modulation of the pathway might be a potential therapeutic target for managing the diseases and alleviating the health consequences (Smith 2010). The modulation of IGF pathway opens new ways to treat various diseases like different types of cancer, cellular stress-related diseases and immunological diseases also. It depends totally on massive research and practically showing the results on animal models to prove the modulation of IGF pathway actually showing some positive results. Comparative Genomic Hybridization: Comparative Genomic hybridization is a comparative study of two genomes by in situ hybridization technique that allows detection of differences in DNA sequences between the two genomes. Two genomes, one study and one reference genomes are differentially labeled after being denatured into single stranded DNA (Pinkel and Albertson 2005). These two genomes are then hybridized to normal metaphase spreads or to microarray. Ratio of the fluorescence intensity are then measured And plotted on a graphical manner. The graph can reveal locations of copy number changes in along the target chromosome or DNA sequences. It has been extensively used to identify genetic differences between normal cells and certain diseased cells mostly in cancer cell biology. It efficiently detects any gain or loss of genetic material in human genetic disorders by comparing the same with a reference genome, often a relevant normal cell genome. Primarily the effect of stable expression of Rab25, a hallmark of cancer has been assayed in all the parts of Figure 2. Other hallmarks that were also assayed were Bak and Bax nuclear proteins. Bak and Bax are two nuclear-encoded proteins that are capable of moving through mitochondrial membrane and induce cell death by apoptosis. Phosphorylation of AKT was also assayed during stable expression of Rab25 and in presence of RNAi. AKT or protein kinase B (PKB) is a protein kinase that plays key roles several cellular functions including apoptosis. Viral-mediated transduction is the most potent technique to produce stable cell lines with a overexpressing protein. Vectors are utilized for this purpose. Vectors are autonomously replicating DNA molecules that can be used to transfer DNA fragments to cells of interest. For transfecting mammalian cells, vectors derived from mammalian viruses are used that include Simian viruses (SV40), polyomavirus, herpesvirus and papovirus (Khan 2013). The Rab25 gene can be inserted into any one of the vector mentioned and the same gene can be transferred to an appropriate mammalian cell line by viral transfection. Mammalian cell lines that are extensively used for this purpose are HeLa, HEK293T, U2OS so on and so forth. Compared to transient transfection, stable transfected cell lines are produced to analyze impact of altered gene expression over a long time period. Generally, antibiotic resistance or fluorescent reporter cell markers are incorporated into plasmid or vector DNA to create selectio n criteria. Clonal Selection can be done by appropriate selection controls. The selected colony is used to produce monoclonal cell line development and consequently producing a stable cell line generation. The expression and stability is checked on a regular basis. The construct expression is then validated by qRT-PCR and/or Western blot techniques. Assay (e) was performed to evaluate the levels of Bak and Bax proteins in the four different ovarian cancer cell lines namely A2780 and hey and immortalized ovarian cancer cell lines T29 and T80 where there is overexpression of the protein Rab25. Bak protein levels are found to be lower in Rab25 expressing A2780, HEY and T29 cells as compared to pcDNA cells. In T80 cell lines Bak was overexpressed showing that Bak levels are regulated by other factors in certain cells. Bax levels were low in A2780 and Hey cells but not in T29 and T80 cells. In assay (f) Bak and Bax levels were measured in A2780 cells were Rab25 expression is downregulated by RNAi. The downregulation of Rab25 nullified Rab25 mediated inhibition of Bak and Bax and hence the two protein levels were found to be high in the cell lines. Bak and Bax are two nuclear proteins that can travel to mitochondrial outer membrane upon activation of relevant signaling pathway and is essential for mitochondrial permiabilisation during apoptosis (Dewson and Kluck 2009). These two proteins play a significant role in intrinsic apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells and as a result they have being extensively studied for therapeutic purposes to block apoptosis. Motility of cells where Rab25 is overexpressed or knocked down can be assayed by standard apoptotic assay methods. Cleavage of the genomic DNA into discrete fragments and consequently membrane disintegration are key features that occur during apoptosis and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. DNA cleavage being hallmark of apoptosis is often measured to assay apoptotic cell death. The DNA fragments can be assayed by ELISA quantification of histone-complexed DNA fragments. Furthermore, caspases are a class of protein that are expressed and involved in the early stages of apoptosis. Activation of the caspase proteins can be assay to determine the stage of apoptosis in a cell (Suzuki, Nakabayashi and Takahashi 2001). This can be done by in vitro enzyme assay or by detection of cleavage of an in vivo caspase substrate. Furthermore to assess the motility transwell migration assay can be performed to assess cell movement and migration. In Transwell migration assay there are two chambers; the cell s uspension placed on the upper chamber and chemoattractants are placed in the lower chamber. Cells that are motile will migrate through the membrane and get attached to the lower side of the upper chamber; non-migratory cells will remain on the upper chamber. The migratory cells can then be labeled and quantified to assess the motility of the cell lines with overexpressed and knocked out Rab25 protein. References Barzilai, N., Huffman, D.M., Muzumdar, R.H. and Bartke, A., 2012. The critical role of metabolic pathways in aging.Diabetes,61(6), pp.1315-1322. Denduluri, S.K., Idowu, O., Wang, Z., Liao, Z., Yan, Z., Mohammed, M.K., Ye, J., Wei, Q., Wang, J., Zhao, L. and Luu, H.H., 2015. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in tumorigenesis and the development of cancer drug resistance.Genes Diseases,2(1), pp.13-25. Dewson, G. and Kluck, R.M., 2009. Mechanisms by which Bak and Bax permeabilise mitochondria during apoptosis.Journal of cell science,122(16), pp.2801-2808. Forbes, B.E., 2016. Two years in IGF research.Growth Hormone IGF Research. Gao, J., Chesebrough, J.W., Cartlidge, S.A., Ricketts, S.A., Incognito, L., Veldman-Jones, M., Blakey, D.C., Tabrizi, M., Jallal, B., Trail, P.A. and Coats, S., 2011. Dual IGF-I/IIneutralizing antibody MEDI-573 potently inhibits IGF signaling and tumor growth.Cancer research,71(3), pp.1029-1040. Higashi, Y., Sukhanov, S., Anwar, A., Shai, S.Y. and Delafontaine, P., 2012. Aging, atherosclerosis, and IGF-1.The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, p.gls102. Khan, K.H., 2013. Gene expression in mammalian cells and its applications.Adv Pharm Bull,3(2), pp.257-63. Lee, J.S., Kang, J.H., Boo, H.J., Hwang, S.J., Hong, S., Lee, S.C., Park, Y.J., Chung, T.M., Youn, H., Lee, S.M. and Kim, B.J., 2015. STAT3-mediated IGF-2 secretion in the tumour microenvironment elicits innate resistance to anti-IGF-1R antibody.Nature communications,6. Pinkel, D. and Albertson, D.G., 2005. Comparative genomic hybridization.Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet.,6, pp.331-354. Pollak, M.N., Schernhammer, E.S. and Hankinson, S.E., 2004. Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia.Nature Reviews Cancer,4(7), pp.505-518. Sachdev, D. and Yee, D., 2007. Disrupting insulin-like growth factor signaling as a potential cancer therapy.Molecular cancer therapeutics,6(1), pp.1-12. Smith, T.J., 2010. Insulin-like growth factor-I regulation of immune function: a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases?.Pharmacological reviews,62(2), pp.199-236. Suzuki, Y., Nakabayashi, Y. and Takahashi, R., 2001. Ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein promotes proteasomal degradation of caspase-3 and enhances its anti-apoptotic effect in Fas-induced cell death.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,98(15), pp.8662-8667.

Sampson and Gregory Essay Example

Sampson and Gregory Paper In line 139 Juliet says, My only love sprung from my only hate! Two types of love are at conflict here for Juliet. Romantic love (for Romeo) and love for her family, (because she was brought up to hate the Montagues). This saddens her. There is another type of love in the play parental and familial love, the love between parents and their children. We do not learn much about the Montague parents, but we do see a great deal of the Capulet parents. At first when we see Capulet talking to Paris, he is saying Juliet is his only daughter and she means a lot to him, so he does not want her to marry as young as she is. However, this changes completely by Act 3, scene 4 when he shrewdly decides to marry off his daughter to Paris and arranges the wedding. In Act 1, scene 3, Lady Capulet has a talk with Juliet about marriage (to Paris). She does not seem to care much about Juliets opinion, but more than she does later on. This is where we see her first selfish streak, and realise that their mother-daughter relationship is not a very close one. It is not until Act 3, scene 5 we see the Capulets completely fail their daughter, when they force an arranged marriage onto her. This is a striking scene, where Lady Capulet wishes Juliet was dead after she says that she does not want to marry Paris I would the fool were married to her grave. Capulet is even more heartless in this scene. He completely loses his temper with Juliet, and threatens to throw her out and disown her is she does not marry Paris. The love of the Capulets for their daughter is so possessive and domineering, that when she doesnt do as they wish, it turns into utter cruelty and really makes you question whether they love Juliet or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Sampson and Gregory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sampson and Gregory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sampson and Gregory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Her parents want to force her into a loveless marriage because they obviously do not consider love to be at all important in a marriage, and also because they think they know what is best for Juliet and that she is theirs to treat however they like An you be mine Ill give you to my friend; An you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets, for by my soul, Ill neer acknowledge thee, (line 192-194). This also shows the contrast between young and old the old dont understand the young. Lord and Lady Capulet actually show more love for Juliet when they find her supposedly dead, but even this is selfish love as they are more worried about how they are going to live without her. This shows just how superficial their love for Juliet is. Other characters that act as surrogate parents for Romeo and Juliet and the Nurse and Friar Lawrence. The Nurse nursed Juliet as a baby, and has practically brought her up. The Friar is someone who both lovers turn to for advise. Romeo goes to the Friar when he wants to marry Juliet. The Friar and the Nurse acted as messengers between Romeo and Juliet. They showed great support and parental love towards Romeo and Juliet when they got married, but even this was partially superficial. At the end of Act 3, scene 5, just after the big argument between Capulet and Juliet, the Nurse is trying to comfort a distraught Juliet, but instead she fails her miserably. When Juliet asks the Nurse what she thinks she should do, the Nurse surprises her by saying that she might as well marry Paris because Romeo has been banished and they can no longer be together. She thinks that love (marriage) is no more than having sex and having babies, then to her Paris would make just a good husband as Romeo would. She does not understand the depth of emotion involved in true love, and Juliet is very upset by this because she thought that the Nurse understood how she felt. After this conversation, Juliet goes to the Friar for advice (Act 4, scene 1). The Friar helps her a great deal, and you think he really understands Romeo and Juliet, but he in turn fails Juliet in Act 5, scene 3. When Juliet wakes up and find Romeo dead she wants to spend more time with him, but the Friar insists that they leave when he hear people coming their way, Come Ill dispose of thee among a sisterhood of holy nuns. The Friars inadequacy in this crisis is shown by this ironic suggestion. He is fine until now to help the lovers be together, but when it comes to him nearly being caught out, he just tries to run away from the situation. This shows his selfishness, and the fact he does not understand the lovers affections and intentions to be together always. In this play of overflowing love and passion we are introduced to a character very different from all the others Paris. Paris is an altogether good man, who is genuinely in love with Juliet and is the only one genuinely upset when she dies. Here there is another situation of unrequited love for Juliet from Paris. He is quite an innocent character caught up in the Capulet familys complications and does not think there is anything wrong with the arranged marriage. He does not actually speak to Juliet until they meet in the Friars cell in Act 4, scene 1, and the marriage is arranged through Capulet. He is very thoughtful towards Juliets feelings, and in lines 6 and 7, he says he has not talked to her about love (the marriage), because she has been weeping and is very sad about Tybalts death, but thinks that by getting married she will be happy again. Another character apart from Romeo and Juliet who is also driven by great passions and love is Tybalt. Tybalt shows the greatest passion for hate. In Act 1, scene 1 he says, what, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, and all Montagues and thee. He is a very passionate character who also shows a tremendous amount of familial love, because he is prepared to fight and in turn die for his family. Mercutio is also another one of these characters. Although he is neither Capulet nor Montague, he shows a great amount of love of friendship towards Romeo and the Montagues he dies whilst duelling against Tybalt for them. In his Queen Mab he lets his tongue run away with him because he is talking passionately about something (love) that he doesnt believe in. The mood in the scenes in which we see Romeo and Juliet together, contrast with the atmosphere of most the other scenes in the play, because of their feelings for each other. They are the two main characters who are star-crossed lovers, so obviously their scenes are going to be much more romantic and intense with passion for love than any other. Their scenes are also more calmer, relaxed and create a pleasant, positive atmosphere, whereas the rest are mainly to do with the family feud or other less positive things (such as the arranged marriage). In the balcony scene (Act 2, scene 2), you can tell that they both see their love as more important than any ancient family feud. In lines 66-69, Romeo speaks of how stony limits cannot hold love out, meaning that even high walls are no challenge for love and that nothing can stop them from sharing their love. By the end of the play Romeo and Juliet have changed quite a bit. Romeo went from being almost in a state of depression, to this fiery most positive character. However the same impulsive streak he has at the beginning is still there right till the very end when he acts on his impulse and decides to drink the poison not knowing the facts of Juliets death. Juliet was quite childish at the beginning of the play, because she does exactly what she was told by her parents. You could say that both character stayed childish right till the end, because of the way they hid everything from most people because they were too scared to come out. You could also say though that they grew up, matured a lot and became more independent because they disobeyed their parents and found a way to be together practically by themselves (even though the Nurse and the Friar knew, they did not understand Romeo and Juliet properly). I also think that by spending their first night together, Romeo and Juliet matured more as they cemented their love. They both made huge sacrifices for each other, making their love even truer, and even though they both died in the end, Romeo died after kissing Juliet, and Juliet died after kissing Romeo. Just before Romeo takes his poison, he says, heres to my love! and just before Juliet stabs herself she says Oh happy dagger! This shows they didnt mind dying as long as they were able to be together. Also in the play, the actions for the older members, affect the younger members a lot. Because of them, Mercutio, Tybalt, Paris and Romeo and Juliet all die. This is what makes Romeo and Juliet such an immense tragedy. Now I have shown the various perceptions of love in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, I will now pick out two contrasting scenes I have discussed and explain how I would stage them to show their differences. The two scenes I have chosen are, act 1, scene 1, with Sampson and Gregory (lines 11-27), and act 1, scene 5, where Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time (lines 94-107). Sampson and Gregory are two very crude characters, and this has to be shown by not only their performances, but also their surroundings. The actors should wear green or khaki colours, with their swords hanging from a belt on their sides. This makes them look like they are army soldiers, who are ready to fight at any moment. They would have stubble showing, and walk as if they had something heavy on their shoulders, which makes them look rough, and rude. I would have them talk very loud, almost shouting, as if they owned the place, inconsiderate to other peoples feelings and are boosting about what they are saying. The lighting should be a bold green when Sampson says, A dog of that house shall move me to stand. Green is quite a hard, sick looking colour, which will emphasise their foul minds. They should walk side-by-side, in the middle, and people should walk on the very edges (of the stage) to look as if they are trying to stay away from them. When they talk about the Montague maids and pushing them against the wall, one of them should pretend he is going to push a woman passing by into the wall, and then they both laugh about it. Romeo and Juliets first meeting is very special. In lines 94-107 they share a sonnet, so this should be a very romantic scene. Juliet should be dancing with someone else, then they all switch partners, and Romeo hurries to be hers. Until they start dancing with each other, there should be other people all around the room (on the stage), but as soon as Romeo says his first line, If I profane they should all move into the background, the music (at the party) should die slowly into a soft beat. Romeo and Juliet will dance in he middle, up-stage, and this will show the audience who they should be looking at and listening to. The lighting would hover from a calm yellow, to subtle orange, then to a soft red, then eventually to a light pink. These colours remind me of a beautiful sunset, and also romance, so I think it will work well because of the softness. They should go behind a pillar on the right side of the stage to kiss to show they are hiding it from everyone else. Romeo should wear a mask all throughout, and pull it off just before they kiss, and they should both look into each others eyes the whole time. This will show that they do not care about each others bodies. Both would be in their party outfits- Juliets should be in a long cream or white dress to show her purity, with red flowers or embroidery on it, also wearing red lipstick. Romeos outfit should be a red or maroon velvet material, with a yellow belt and silver mask. This will make him look like a prince, and the red worn by both characters, emphasises the red associated with romance. They should speak softly to each other, and when they speak it should not be as if this is their first meeting, but as if they have known each other for a lifetime. This will show the special connection they have straight away.